Nasal obstructions include septal deviation, where the wall separating the nasal passages is off-center; valve insufficiency, which is caused by problems with cartilage; and turbinate hypertrophy, where air flow is blocked by swollen areas inside the nose.

The new study, appearing in the September/October issue of the Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, evaluated 41 people with severe nasal obstructions who underwent functional rhinoplasty at the University of Washington School of Medicine's Cosmetic Surgery Center.

The patients completed questionnaires about the severity of their nasal obstructions before and after having surgery. Based on their answers, the patients were given a severity score of zero to 100, with higher scores indicating more severe nasal obstructions.

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